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A Pell Grant is money the U.S. federal government provides for students who need it to pay for college. It is an entitlement (awards are guaranteed if criteria are met). Federal Pell Grants are limited to students with financial need, who have not earned their first bachelor's degree, or who are enrolled in certain post-baccalaureate programs, through participating institutions.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://studentaid.ed.gov/PORTALSWebApp/students/english/PellGrants.jsp?tab=funding )〕 The Pell Grant is named after Democratic U.S. Senator Claiborne Pell of Rhode Island, and was originally known as the Basic Educational Opportunity Grant. A Pell Grant is generally considered the foundation of a student's financial aid package, to which other forms of aid are added.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www2.ed.gov/about/overview/budget/budget11/justifications/p-pell.pdf )〕 The Federal Pell Grant program is administered by the United States Department of Education, which determines the student's financial need and through it, the student's Pell eligibility. The U.S. Department of Education uses a standard formula to evaluate financial information reported on the Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA) for determining the student's expected family contribution (EFC).〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.collegeboard.com/student/pay/scholarships-and-aid/36318.html )〕 Pell Grants were created by the Higher Education Act of 1965. These federal funded grants are not like loans, and need not be repaid. Students may use their grants at any one of approximately 5,400 participating postsecondary institutions. These federally funded grants help about 5.4 million full-time and part-time college and vocational school students nationally.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.getreadyforcollege.org/gPg.cfm?pageID=139&1534-D83A_1933715A=f07538b484e4efd0ba6d933da0d63412d7e48b3c )〕 For the 2010–2011 school year, seven of the top 10 colleges by total Pell Grant money awarded were for-profit institutions.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.federalgrants.com/federal-pell-grants.html )〕 ==History== Today, the Pell Grant program assists undergraduates of low-income families, who are actively attending universities and or other secondary institutions. However, before the Pell Grant became what it is today, it went through numerous changes. In 1965, Congress passed the Higher Education Act of 1965 (HEA). President Lyndon B. Johnson implemented the HEA as a part of his administration's agenda to assist and improve higher education in the United States. This was the initial legislation to benefit students of lower and middle-income. The HEA program included not only grants, but also low interest loans to students who did not qualify for grants. Universities and other institutions, such as vocational schools, benefited as well from the HEA program, receiving federal aid to improve the quality of the education process. Student aid programs administered by the U.S. Department of Education are contained in Title IV of the HEA, which is why they are called "Title IV Programs." In 1972, Title IX Higher Education Amendments were a response to the distribution of aid in the current grant. Senator Claiborne Pell set forth the initial movements to reform the HEA. Opportunity Grant Program (Basic Grant) were intended to serve as the "floor" or "foundation" of an undergraduate student's financial aid package. Other financial aid, to the extent that it was available, would be added to the Basic Grant up to the limit of a student's financial need. Most changes to the federal student aid program result from a process called ''reauthorization''. Through the process of reauthorization, Congress examines the status of each program and decides whether to continue that program, and whether a continued program requires changes in structure or purpose. Congress has reauthorized campus-based programs every five or six years, beginning in 1972. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Pell Grant」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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